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Lina Mayorga

Clinical researcher and educator at City of Hope

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Cancer and Pain Management: Debunking Myths in Latino Patients

02/04/2014 12:30PM | 22858 views

In the United States, pain is the most common reason individuals consult with a physician, yet for many – especially the Hispanic community – pain is a very sensitive topic especially among cancer patients.  However, through culturally-relevant education on how best to manage pain, patients can empower themselves to have an active voice in their healthcare and learn how their cancer journey can be pain free.

When I was younger, my grandmother was a patient at City of Hope (COH) and since she did not speak English, I was her voice to communicate her needs to the healthcare team. It was then that I decided to become an educator, to do research and provide people with the necessary tools and resources to equip themselves to be their own health advocates.

Five years ago, I helped develop, evaluate, and implement the educational program with my colleague, Gloria Juarez, RN, PhD for Spanish-speaking patients at COH on strategies for dealing with pain as a cancer patient. When it comes to the topic of pain, there are many myths patients believe prior to taking our classes. For example, because we provide patients with a questionnaire before beginning the program to understand their base knowledge of pain and pain management, we discovered common themes.

Patients believed that:  

  • If there was pain, this meant that their cancer was returning. They feared a relapse.
  • Pain was part of the cancer treatment because having pain meant that the cancer was leaving their body.
  • If they told their doctor that they had pain, it might delay their treatments or they would have to take more pain medication and inevitably become addicted.

The power of education and knowledge was evident as within a span of a one-hour class, these perceptions were quickly dispelled. Patients learned that they could go through their cancer journey pain free. They also learned that they were taking their medication incorrectly – something they were not aware of.  They didn’t know they had preventive pain medication as well as medication for breakthrough pain. As part of the program, a nurse reviewed each patient’s pain medication and taught him/her how to take it correctly. In a follow up 30 days later, we found that patients reported that their cancer pain was reduced by 50%.

In addition to the importance of learning the facts about pain, equally critical in our classes has been the role of culture and the how to frame the information within this context.  For example, when it comes to educating English-speaking patients, classes are more information-based and centered on tips and tools. With our Spanish-speaking patients, we took a very cultural approach and focused on empowering them and helping them to take a more active role in speaking up, asking questions, and making decisions about their care. We encouraged them to educate themselves more on their diagnosis, treatment, and options because those who take an active role in their care have better health outcomes.

With our Hispanic patients, they had an added bonus – an incredible support system from their families, who even attend the education classes with them. We learned that in most families everyone has a role in taking care of the patient. For example, one person might be in charge of taking the family member to their appointments, another to pick up their medication, and another designated to speak with the doctor if the patient does not speak English or is too sick.  Because of this cultural aspect of Hispanic patients, we began to interview the caregivers at the end of the class to better understand the impact of the classes on them as well. We found that they benefitted from the classes – not only because they understood how to help their family member but because they now felt more empowered to take control of their own health and well-being – especially if cancer runs in their family.

In summary, both the medical community and patients need to do understand more about pain and pain management strategies in order to attain better health outcomes. Latino patients must become their own self advocates by arming themselves with information including keeping a pain log and a medication journal in order to better communicate with their healthcare team on what they are experiencing. At the same time, we need more bilingual healthcare professionals in place to bridge the cultural gaps with Hispanic patients as well as educate non-Hispanic physicians on how the cultural nuances (e.g, 5 family members attending an appointment with the patient) can be leveraged as a benefit to the overall treatment and prognosis of the patient.

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